{"id":33048,"date":"2025-02-05T11:00:03","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/2025-02-ukrajinske-kovy-vzacnych-zemin-ktore-trump-hlada-co-to-je-mapa\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:00:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:00:03","slug":"ukrajinske-kovy-vzacnych-zemin-ktore-trump-hlada-co-to-je-mapa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/2025-02-ukrajinske-kovy-vzacnych-zemin-ktore-trump-hlada-co-to-je-mapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrajinsk\u00e9 kovy vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 Trump h\u013ead\u00e1: \u010do to je, mapa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pomoc Ukrajine v\u00fdmenou za z\u00e1ruky pr\u00edstupu USA ku kovom vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn \u2013 to je stanovisko prezidenta USA Donald Trump<\/a>, proti tomu nem\u00e1 n\u00e1mietky ani ukrajinsk\u00e1 strana. \u010co s\u00fa kovy vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn? Pre\u010do s\u00fa tieto zdroje pre Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty tak\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 a \u010do s nimi m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edna?<\/p>\n

rozpr\u00e1val sa s nami s Vasylom Dyakivom, kandid\u00e1tom geologick\u00fdch a mineralogick\u00fdch vied, docentom N\u00e1rodnej univerzity Ivana Franka vo \u013dvove, a podrobnej\u0161ie hovor\u00ed o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

\u010co sa stalo?<\/h3>\n

Americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump 3. febru\u00e1ra povedal, \u017ee chce uzavrie\u0165 dohodu o pomoci s Ukrajinou v\u00fdmenou za z\u00e1ruky pr\u00edstupu ku kovom vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn. \u00abVerejnos\u0165<\/a>“ s odvolan\u00edm sa na zdroj v kancel\u00e1rii prezidenta uviedol, \u017ee toto je jeden z bodov „pl\u00e1nu v\u00ed\u0165azstva“, ktor\u00fd Volodymyr Zelenskyj<\/a> zahrnut\u00e9, po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fac so z\u00e1ujmom Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov. Niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto pol\u00ed sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na do\u010dasne okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazemiach, tak\u017ee Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali zaru\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 rozvoja pol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledne s\u00e1m Zelenskyj potvrdil, \u017ee Ukrajina je otvoren\u00e1 americk\u00fdm invest\u00edci\u00e1m do \u0165a\u017eby. Pod\u013ea Zelensk\u00e9ho, ak Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty nebud\u00fa investova\u0165 do \u0165a\u017eby nerastov, Rusko a jeho spojenci nad nimi prevezm\u00fa kontrolu.<\/p>\n

\u00abKovov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn m\u00e1me dos\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, \u017ee Rusko okupuje na\u0161e \u00fazemia od roku 2014. \u010ciasto\u010dne sa tam skuto\u010dne nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 nerastov. Sme otvoren\u00ed tomu, aby toto v\u0161etko (miner\u00e1ly) rozv\u00edjali na\u0161i partneri, ktor\u00ed n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 p\u00f4du. A to je \u00faplne spravodliv\u00e9<\/em>„, povedal Volodymyr Zelenskyj.<\/p>\n

\u010co s\u00fa kovy vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn?<\/h3>\n

Prvky vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn<\/a> (REE) je 17 prvkov periodickej tabu\u013eky: Sc \u2013 skandium, Y \u2013 ytrium, La \u2013 lant\u00e1n, Ce \u2013 c\u00e9r, Pr \u2013 praseod\u00fdm, Nd \u2013 neod\u00fdm, Pm \u2013 prometium, Sm \u2013 samarium, Eu \u2013 eur\u00f3pium, Gd \u2013 gadol\u00ednium, Tb \u2013 terbium, Dy \u2013 dyspr\u00f3zium, Ho \u2013 holmium, Er \u2013 erbium, Tm \u2013 thulium, Yb \u2013 ytterbium, Lu \u2013 lut\u00e9cium.<\/p>\n

\u013dudia sa s t\u00fdmito prvkami vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, s\u00fa v telef\u00f3noch, elektromobiloch, sol\u00e1rnych paneloch. REE sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na vytv\u00e1ranie povlakov vo vn\u00fatri \u017eiariviek, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za farbu vy\u017earovan\u00e9ho svetla. Tieto prvky s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre optiku, lasery, leteck\u00fd priemysel, jadrov\u00e9 reaktory, dokonca aj chemick\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory na rafin\u00e1ciu ropy. A, samozrejme, s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pre vojensk\u00fd priemysel.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je to pre Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty tak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

„V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je \u010c\u00edna svetov\u00fdm monopolistom, ktor\u00fd dod\u00e1va prvky vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn na svetov\u00fd trh a dlhodobo dumpinguje ceny, aby sa nerozv\u00edjali konkurenti. Najm\u00e4 Ukrajina. Ke\u010f v d\u00f4sledku obchodnej vojny so Spojen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi \u010c\u00edna ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee prestane pred\u00e1va\u0165 vz\u00e1cne zeminy, v\u0161etky krajiny vr\u00e1tane Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov sa postarali o vlastn\u00e9 zdroje,“ hovor\u00ed geol\u00f3g Vasyl Dyakiv.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li konkurencii s \u010c\u00ednou a t\u00fa\u017ebe po nez\u00e1vislosti od monopolistu Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty akt\u00edvne h\u013eadaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 kovov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn. Okrem \u010c\u00edny sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa lo\u017eisk\u00e1 prvkov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn v Austr\u00e1lii, Rusku, Braz\u00edlii, Gr\u00f3nsku, Kanade, Vietname a ned\u00e1vno bolo objaven\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 lo\u017eisko v N\u00f3rsku (10 % svetov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob).<\/p>\n

A ko\u013eko z t\u00fdchto zdrojov je v Ukrajine?<\/h3>\n

Ukrajina m\u00e1 asi 5 \u2013 10 % svetov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob zdrojov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn.<\/p>\n

„Nikto nem\u00f4\u017ee poveda\u0165 presn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o zdrojoch vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn, toto s\u00fa ofici\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie. Hovor\u00edme o asi 5 – 10% svetov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob, ale ned\u00e1 sa to s istotou poveda\u0165, preto\u017ee nie s\u00fa dostato\u010dne odhadnut\u00e9. Hodnotenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa teraz k dispoz\u00edcii, nesp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa modern\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky sveta. Aby ich investor mohol zahrn\u00fa\u0165 do developmentu, je potrebn\u00e9 ich vyhodnoti\u0165 v s\u00falade s modern\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami. Existuje nieko\u013eko oblast\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 vyhodnoti\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u013eubn\u00e9. Ameri\u010dania, Eur\u00f3pania a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed investori o tom vedia,“ hovor\u00ed geol\u00f3g Vasyl Dyakiv.<\/p>\n

Kovy vz\u00e1cnych a vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn sa na\u0161li v zlo\u017eit\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch a rudn\u00fdch v\u00fdskytoch v ukrajinskom \u0161t\u00edte. Najm\u00e4 v Doneckej, Kirovohradskej, \u017dytomyrskej oblasti. Ke\u010f\u017ee niektor\u00e9 polia sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na do\u010dasne okupovanom \u00fazem\u00ed, Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali zaru\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto \u00fazem\u00ed na \u0165a\u017ebu REE.<\/p>\n


\n

Pod\u013ea investi\u010dn\u00e9ho atlasu u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea podlo\u017eia, ktor\u00fd uzavrela \u0160t\u00e1tna slu\u017eba geol\u00f3gie a podlo\u017eia a Ministerstvo ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov Ukrajiny, objekty z kovov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn s\u00fa tie\u017e vo Vinnyckej, Z\u00e1poro\u017eskej a Dnepropetrovskej oblasti.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00dadaje<\/a>, vyhliadky na \u0165a\u017ebu vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn do zna\u010dnej miery s\u00favisia s rozvojom novopoltavsk\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska apatitov\u00fdch r\u00fad v Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lne s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi prejavmi rudy. v Ukrajine sa nach\u00e1dza jedno lo\u017eisko ber\u00fdlia (Per\u017eanske v \u017dytomyrskej oblasti) so z\u00e1sobami 15,3 tis\u00edc ton. ton oxidu ber\u00fdlia, ako aj obsahuj\u00face tantal, ni\u00f3b, zirk\u00f3n, c\u00edn, molybd\u00e9n, l\u00edtium, zinok at\u010f.<\/p>\n


\n

Okrem prvkov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn m\u00e1 Ukrajina v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 aj in\u00fdch nerastov. Ukrajina je najm\u00e4 jednou z 10 popredn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn na svete, pokia\u013e ide o presk\u00faman\u00e9 z\u00e1soby tit\u00e1nu, a poskytuje viac ako 7 % svojej svetovej produkcie. Z\u00e1soby l\u00edtia s\u00fa pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov asi tretinov\u00e9 oproti preuk\u00e1zan\u00fdm v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n

Tak pre\u010do ich nepou\u017e\u00edvame?<\/h3>\n

Lo\u017eisk\u00e1 vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn v Ukrajine neboli nikdy vyvinut\u00e9, dokonca ani v sovietskych \u010dasoch. D\u00f4vodov je nieko\u013eko \u2013 ich \u0165a\u017eba je dos\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a drah\u00e1 a \u010c\u00edna tie\u017e vyhodila trh a pokryla glob\u00e1lne potreby.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Vasyla Dyakiva trv\u00e1 najmenej p\u00e4\u0165 rokov a siln\u00fd investor, k\u00fdm za\u010dne rozv\u00edja\u0165 ukrajinsk\u00e9 polia. Tento \u010das je potrebn\u00fd na vykonanie v\u00fdskumu, v\u00fdvoja projektu, schva\u013eovania, zemn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c a v\u00fdstavby ban\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A \u010do hovor\u00ed ekol\u00f3gia?<\/h3>\n

Toto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Kandid\u00e1t na geologick\u00e9 a mineralogick\u00e9 vedy Vasyl Dyakiv hovor\u00ed, \u017ee rozvinut\u00e9 krajiny sa zdr\u00e1haj\u00fa rozv\u00edja\u0165 svoje vlastn\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1. Napr\u00edklad N\u00f3rsko, kde bolo ned\u00e1vno objaven\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 pole (10 % svetov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob), ho moment\u00e1lne nepl\u00e1nuje rozv\u00edja\u0165.<\/p>\n

„Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek \u0165a\u017eba, obohacovanie je \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, ale modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ak sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, minimalizuj\u00fa tento negat\u00edvny vplyv,“ domnieva sa geol\u00f3g.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pomoc Ukrajine v\u00fdmenou za z\u00e1ruky pr\u00edstupu USA ku kovom vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn \u2013 to je stanovisko prezidenta USA Donald Trump, proti tomu nem\u00e1 n\u00e1mietky ani ukrajinsk\u00e1 strana. \u010co s\u00fa kovy vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn? Pre\u010do s\u00fa tieto zdroje pre Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty tak\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 a \u010do s nimi m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edna? rozpr\u00e1val sa s nami s Vasylom Dyakivom, kandid\u00e1tom […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1578,21,95,6,33,3991,58,193],"class_list":["post-33048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vojna-v-ukrajine","tag-donald-trump","tag-hlavne-spravy","tag-pomoc","tag-rusko-ukrajinska-vojna","tag-usa","tag-vasyl-dyakiv","tag-vojenska-pomoc-ukrajine","tag-volodymyr-zelenskyj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33048"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33048\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ruwar.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}